A PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN FRANZ KAFKA’S METAMORPHOSIS
Abstract
Abstract
This study analyzes the psychological condition of the main character, Gregor Samsa in Metamorphosis, written by Franz Kafka as existentialist in 1912. The psychological conditions that shape the main character's personality in the form of anxiety, confusion, and sadness can line with the author's motivation as seen from his biography and the author's existentialist condition as outlined in this literary work. This study analyzes Gregor Samsa’s personality using the Psychoanalysis theory of Id, Ego and Superego from Sigmund Freud, then linked the relationship between the main character's personality character and Franz Kafka's life experience as an author through the psychology of literature. This study uses a qualitative method of narrative analysis that represents narration and dialogue as the research object. The analysis contents are as follows; (1) Gregor Samsa's personality condition mapped through his Id, Ego and Superego. (2) Gregor Samsa's personality which is related to the life of Franz Kafka's personality as an author and gives rise to a new genre of Franz Kafka, namely Kafkaesque (3) Proving the conclusion through the collected data, the psychological conditions experienced by Gregor Samsa are a reflection of Franz Kafka's life as an author thus creating a new genre of literary work called Kafkaesque.
Keywords: Gregor Samsa, Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka, Psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud, Psychology of Literature, Existentialism, Kafkaesque
Abstrak
Penelitian ini menganalisa kondisi psikologis dari karakter utama yaitu Gregor Samsa dalam Metamorphosis yang ditulis oleh seorang eksistensialis yaitu Franz Kafka pada tahun 1912. Kondisi psikologis tersebut membentuk kepribadian karakter utama berupa kecemasan, kegalauan, dan kesedihan ternyata bisa sejalan dengan motivasi pengarang yang dilihat dari biography nya dan kondisi eksistensialis pengarang yang dituangkan didalam karya sastra ini. Di dalam cerita tersebut, penelitian ini menganalisa kepribadian karakter utama yaitu Gregor Samsa sebagai objek penelitian menggunakan teori kepribadian Id, Ego dan Superego dari Sigmund Freud kemudian mengaitkan relasi antara kepribadiaan karakter utama dengan pengalaman kehidupan Franz Kafka sebagai pengarang melalui psikologi sastra tentang psikologi pengarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif analisis naratif yang merepresentasikan informasi dalam bentuk narasi dan dialog sebagai objek dari penelitian. Adapun isi dari analisis, sebagai berikut; (1) Kondisi kepribadian Gregor Samsa yang mengalami kegalauan, kecemasan, kesedihan dengan kehidupannya yang dipetakan melalui dialog dan monolog (2) Kepribadian Gregor Samsa yang dijelaskan dalam aliran karya sastra Kafka disebut sebagai Kafkaesque (3) Membuktikan pada kesimpulan melalui data yang telah dikumpulkan bahwa kondisi psikologis yang dialami oleh Gregor Samsa merupakan cerminan dari kehidupan Franz Kafka sebagai pengarang. Sebagai seorang pengarang, karya sastra Franz Kafka merepresentasikan konteks social pada era itu bahkan masih relevan sampai sekarang dalam tema-tema eksistensial seperti itu.
Kata Kunci: Gregor Samsa, Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka, Psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud, Psikologi Sastra, Eksistensialisme, Kafkaesque
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